Concrete Building Design Manual

BuildBlock Insulating Concrete Forms ICFs are one of the strongest and most energyefficient building materials available today. I/51ymnkiuT5L.jpg' alt='Concrete Building Design Manual' title='Concrete Building Design Manual' />Disaster Resistance Disaster Resistant Buildings. Fire Resistance. Concrete offers noncombustible construction that helps contain a fire within boundaries. SECTION 1 HISTORY CONCRETE PIPE DESIGN MANUAL History Historical records include many references to engineering feats undertaken by ancient civilizations to collect. BUILDING SKIN DETAILS. Contemporary architecture presents itself with various aesthetical standards. Besides the rational function of architectural design. As a separation wall, concrete helps to prevent a fire from spreading throughout a building. As an exterior wall or roof, concrete helps to prevent a fire from jumping from building to building. During wild fires, concrete walls and roofs help provide protection to human life and the occupants possessions within a building. Descargar Capitulos De Bleach Sub Espanol Mp4 Ligero Mf there. Concrete helps contain a fire even if no water supply is available, whereas sprinklers rely on a water source. Concrete that endures a fire can often be reused when the building is rebuilt. The American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM E1. Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials, describes test procedures for determining fire endurance of building materials. In fire endurance tests, concrete generally fails by heat transmission long before structural failure, whereas other construction materials fail by heat transmission when collapse is imminent. A 2 hr fire endurance for a concrete wall will most likely mean the wall gets hot experiences an average temperature rise of 2. F for all points or 3. F at any one point. The fire endurance of concrete can be determined by its thickness and type of aggregate using ACI procedures. Concrete has also performed well during the Urban Wildland Interface fires that have destroyed billions of dollars of property in Southern California and other parts of the western U. S. Hilly terrain, hot dry winds, combustible vegetation, and closely spaced dwellings create favorable conditions for these types of fire. This trend is expected to continue as populations continue to expand into wildland areas. Data collected after these fires shows a correlation between fire damage and the exterior surfaces of buildings, including Concrete or clay tile roofs performed much better than wood shake or shingle roofs. Buildings having noncombustible exterior wall surfaces, such as masonry or stucco, achieved a higher level of survival. Double pane windows are needed to minimize heat transfer to the building interior. Minimal roof projections or the use of non combustible materials to protect combustible eaves and projections plus the elimination of soffit vents will also increase a structures chances of surviving a wildland fire. Tornado, Hurricane, and Wind Resistance. Concrete is resistant to tornadoes, hurricanes, and wind. Following Hurricane Katrina, a concrete house was the sole house left standing in a Pass Christian, MS, neighborhood. Company Of Heros 2.103 Patch. Investigators have learned from previous hurricanes that Asphalt shingles often failed due to holes created by staple guns. Nails held better than staples if they were properly placed. Clay roof tiles resisted wind forces better than asphalt shingles but were apt to shatter if hit by flying debris. Concrete roof tiles suffered similar damage as clay roof tiles from debris, but were more resistant to shattering than clay tiles. Asphalt gravel roofs, if not well maintained, were flaked off in layers by the wind, exposing sub layers. Plywood sheathing failures were due to inadequate nailing. Particle board does not provide a good base for the attachment of surface roofing materials. Gables were more prone to failure than hip roofs. Gables constructed of concrete masonry faired much better than frame construction. Inadequate attachment to walls and inadequate lateral support caused many failures of gables, particularly wood frame gables. Concrete block walls performed well. Concrete masonry construction was more forgiving of poor craftsmanship than wood frame construction. Compliance with the SSTD 1. Standard for Hurricane Resistant Residential Construction or the provisions of ACI 5. ASCE 5TMS4. 02 9. Masonry veneer also performed well when properly constructed and connected to the structure. Damaged veneers were invariably a result of corroded, inadequate, or improperly embedded ties. Masonry veneer structures subjected to storm surges were able in many cases to withstand the storm surge better than wood frame houses without veneer. Wood frame walls performed poorly unless well designed and constructed. Loads on building components and connections are significantly increased when the envelope is breached by high wind or flying debris. Masonry systems appeared to resist breaching as well, if not better, than other wall systems. Windows and doors need to be carefully installed. Windows must be protected with hurricane shutters. LI Debris driven by high winds presents the greatest hazard to homeowners and their homes during hurricanes and tornados. Tests show that concrete wall systems suffer no structural damage when impacted by debris carried by hurricane and tornado force winds. As another example, in 1. Illinois, killing 5. Damages at the time were estimated at 5. Two prestressed concrete structures, a grocery store and a high school, were in the direct path of two tornadoes that struck almost simultaneously. Repairs to the structural system of the grocery store were less than 2. In the high school, structural damage was also limited. Flood Resistance. Concrete is not damaged by water concrete that does not dry out continues to gain strength in the presence of moisture. Concrete submerged in water absorbs very small amounts of water over long periods of time, and the concrete is not damaged. In flood damaged areas, concrete buildings are often salvageable. Concrete dams and levees are used for long lasting flood control. In the rebuilding of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, architects and engineers are looking at structures that will keep water out and not shift or float away when submersed in floodwaters. One solution is reinforced concrete walls to the roof height with a 1. In one example, the slab will be kept in place with 8 in. Architect Hank Browne and engineers DMK Group, April 2. Building Design and Construction. Concrete will only contribute to moisture problems in buildings if it is enclosed in a system that traps moisture between the concrete and other building materials. For instance, a vinyl wall covering in hot and humid climates will act as a vapor retarder and moisture can get trapped between the concrete and the wall covering. For this reason, impermeable wall coverings such as vinyl wallpaper should not be used on concrete walls. High Humidity and Wind Driven Rain. Concrete is not affected by wind driven rain and moist outdoor air in hot and humid climates because it is impermeable to air infiltration and wind driven rain. Moisture that enters a building must come through joints between concrete elements. Annual inspection and repair of joints will minimize this potential. More importantly, if moisture does enter through joints, it will not damage the concrete. Good practice for all types of wall construction is to have permeable materials that breathe are allowed to dry on at least one surface and to not encapsulate concrete between two impermeable surfaces. Concrete will dry out if not covered by impermeable treatments. Earthquake Resistance. The L. A. Metro Blue Line Bridge was designed to sustain no functional damage from the worst earthquake expected in the next 7. Northridge quake. PCA No. 1. 00. 37Concrete is resistant to earthquakes. Earthquakes in Guam, the United States Richter scale 8. Manila, the Philippines Richter scale 7. Kobe, Japan Richter scale 6. Midas Civil 2014 Descargar.